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As known, many individuals say that books are the vinyl windows for the globe. It doesn't imply that buying publication Induction Heating Handbook, By John Davies, Peter Simpson will certainly suggest that you can acquire this world. Merely for joke! Etched vs. Unetched Samples in Crack Detection Distortion of Shafts in Induction Hardening Uniform Heating of Steel Plates Joining Applications Induction Mass Heating Factors Associated with Steel Overheating Power Supplies for Modern Induction Heating This quality insures the ability to avoid unpleasant surprises by utilizing past experience, engineering expertise, computer modeling capability and awareness of the latest advances in theoretical knowledge.
This second edition of the Handbook of Induction Heating, originally published in , reflects a number of substantial advances that have taken place over the last decade in the practice and science of induction heating and heat treating, computer modeling, semi- conductor power supplies, quality assurance, and process technology.
This edition con- tinues to be a synthesis of information, discoveries, and technical insights that have been accumulated at Inductoheat Inc. Before beginning our work on the second edition, we were informed by CRC Press that the publication of the first edition of the Handbook of Induction Heating was an undispu- table success.
An overwhelming amount of letters and calls of appreciation regarding the publishing of the first edition have supported our belief that by writing the Handbook, we have succeeded with our effort to provide the industry and academia with a helpful engineering guide to modern induction heating and heat treating.
Some materials presented in the first edition have been completely rewritten for the sec- ond edition. Also, the impact of prior microstructure, its heterogeneity, and the presence of the residual elements on the results of heat treatment are reviewed. Thanks to several innovative designs patented and patent pending , important goals were achieved.
For example, process flexibility in shaft scan hardening has been substantially enhanced thanks to a novel inverter design that allows controlling independently and instantly frequency and power during scanning. Other benefits of this remarkable tech- nology include a measurable improvement in process robustness and dramati- cally reduced process sensitivity.
Problems associated with reaching excessive tempera- tures, occurrence of grain boundary liquation incipient melting , grain coars- ening, and other metallurgical factors are reviewed. An introduction to the CamPro Technology is pro- vided, and the achievement of an almost undetectable distortion when hardening camshafts is looked into.
An introduction to FluxManager Technology is provided. Novel semicon- ductor inverter technologies, including but not limited to simultaneous dual- frequency power supplies, and inverters with independent and instant frequency and power regulation IFP-Technology are studied. This edition embarks on the next step, the design of practical, cost-effective, and energy- efficient induction heating and heat-treating processes and equipment, providing numer- ous case studies, ready-to-use tables, diagrams, rules-of-thumb, simplified formulas, and graphs.
Plots of electromagnetic fields, temperature profiles, and photographs of a variety of production installations are provided to show not only that the task has been previously accomplished but also why and how it has been done. An extensive list of references is provided here. In order to avoid an unreasonably large number of pages in the second edition, material related to metallographic sample preparation and review of basic temperature measure- ment techniques has been eliminated.
Several excellent texts have been published exclu- sively covering those subjects. Therefore, we refer readers to review those texts, if required. We would also like to acknowledge the contribution of the employees of Inductoheat Inc.
In an industrial environment, apart from the converter and the matching transformer, the design of the induction coil and its profile itself is critical to obtain the best performance. A systematic design procedure for the coil is essential for proper matching of the converter with the coil. The main objective of this paper is to perform surface hardening on the given work-piece with a 5KW resonant inverter which uses SiC switches in a combination of LLC resonant circuit with a transformer and using ELTA software for coil design.
The electrical parameters of the converter are selected using this software. The type of material used for the workpiece, the geometry of the coil and the geometry of the workpiece are specified in the software. The characteristics of the load on the inverter is evaluated using ELTA software and the waveforms are obtained for power, voltage, impedance, inductance, temperature and power factor with respect to time. The equivalent inductance and equivalent resistance values are found out from this software and are used for further calculations in designing the circuits.
The workpiece parameters such as size of the work piece, material used and the processing parameters like temperature, length of the system, etc are entered in the dialog box shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 respectively. ELTA does the simulation and gives the graphical and numerical outputs of the load and coil parameters.
Workpiece dialog box Figure 2. Material parameters dialog box 2. The thermal insulation on the coil if needed can also be mentioned. The tube profile dialog box can be used to specify the shape and size of the coil. Figure 3. Inductor dialog box Circuit dialog box shown in Figure 4 can be used to choose the circuit type i. Also the processing dialog box shown in Figure 5 is used to specify the type of processing such as heating or cooling and whether the supply constitutes current, voltage or power, the working frequency, current, duration of the process, type of cooling, etc.
Figure 4. Circuit dialog box Figure 5. In this software, the total heating time is divided into a large number of small increments in time. After each step, the material characteristics, which depend upon the temperature achieved, are evaluated. The calculation is extended till the end of the target time. The software provides us with waveforms of different parameters. Figure 6 below shows the graph of the impedance vs time characteristics. The impedance peaks when the material is magnetic and when the resistivity is high.
As the material becomes non-magnetic, the impedance drops. Inductance vs time waveform is shown in Figure 7. The inductance peaks when the material is magnetic and when the resistivity is high. Also, the material becomes non-magnetic when the inductance drops.
Thus, from the results obtained, the coil inductance is taken to be nH. Figure 8 represents the graph of voltage vs time. The voltage also peaks when the material is magnetic and when the resistivity is high. As the material becomes non-magnetic the voltage drops.
Figure 9 represents the curve between power and time. Like the impedance, inductance and voltage, power also peaks when the material is magnetic, and resistivity is high. When the material becomes non-magnetic, the power drops. All these projections are based on the assumption that the current through the coil is constant. It is also possible to evaluate the load with constant applied voltage to the coil or constant power. Figure 6. Impedance waveform Figure 7. Inductance waveform Figure 8.
Voltage waveform Figure 9. Power waveform 3. A transformer is connected between the series inductor and capacitor. A DC blocking capacitor is used to filter high frequency components passing through the transformer. The quality factor according to the industry standards is in the range of 3 to 10 and is assumed to be 5. LLC circuit parameters are calculated using the equivalent series resonant circuit procedure discussed in [6].
Design and simulation is also carried out without a transformer with only an LLC circuit. Inverter output voltage Figure Load output current waveform 4.
Table 1. Hardware specifications S. Description Value 1. Line Voltage V 2. Supply Frequency 50 Hz 3. Operating Frequency Hz 4. Coil current assumed A 5. Quality Factor 5.
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